The Greater One-horned Rhino was pushed to the brink of extinction due to sport hunting and later poaching for traditional medicine over the past two centuries. Wild populations reached as low as 200 rhinos in the mid-20th Century. Conservation efforts including anti-poaching measures and habitat restoration have seen populations recover to over 4000, with numbers continuing to rise. The threat of poaching as well as competition with livestock for resources and loss of habitat still threaten this species, however their recovery is cause for optimism.  
 
Despite living in one of the most densely populated areas for humans, this species is now given the opportunity to coexist alongside people. Their recovery gives hope for the survival for other rhinos and threatened species around the world. Their future survival, though hopeful, is far from certain with ongoing conservation and protection measures required to help restore the species to historic population levels.